Biofilms and Biodiversity References

General References

1. Krebs, C. J. 1989. Ecological methodology. Harper and Row, Publishers. New York. 654 pp.
2. Hill, M. O. 1973. Diversity and evenness: a unifying notation and its consequences. Ecology 54:427-432.
3. Odum, E.P. 1971. Fundatmental of ecology. W. B. Saunders Company, Publishers. Philadelphia. 574 pp.
4. Odum, E.P. 1975. Ecology: The link between the natural and the social sciences. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Publishers. New York. 244 pp.
5. Peet, R. K. 1974. The measurement of species diversity. Annual. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 5:285-307.
6. Simpson, E. H. 1949. Measurement of diversity. Nature 163:688.

How Do Biofilms Form?

1. The Sequence of Fouling of Engineering Materials In the Sea written by Dr. Robert E. Baier, Professor and Executive Director, Industry/University Cooperative Research Center for Biosurfaces.
2. Biofilms and Biodiversity: An Interactive Exploration of Aquatic Microbial Biotechnology and Ecology, an article in the Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology by J. Adam Frederick, Dan Jacobs and William R. Jones (2000, 24(5):334338).
3. Aquarium Culture of Freshwater Invertebrates, an article in The American Biology Teacher by Timothy S. Wood (1996, 58(1):46-50). The article demonstrates replicable techniques for aquarium culture of freshwater invertebrates and provides and an excellent hands-on method for supplementing the biofilms and biodiversity activities in the classroom.
4. NY Times, Some of my best friends are germs
5. Human Microbiome Project

Microplastics

1. American Chemical Society. (2020) Micro- and nanoplastics detectable in human tissues. ScienceDaily.
2. Andrady, A. L. (Ed.) (2003). Plastics and the Environment. John Wiley Sons.
3. Andrady, A. L. (2011). Microplastics in the marine environment. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 62(8), 1596-1605.
4. Auta, H. S., Emenike, C. U., Fauziah, S. H. (2017). Distribution and importance of microplastics in the marine environment: a review of the sources, fate, effects, and potential solutions. Environment international, 102, 165-176.
5. Avio, C. G., Gorbi, S., Regoli, F. (2017). Plastics and microplastics in the oceans: From emerging pollutants to emerged threat. Marine environmental research, 128, 2-11.
6. Bakir, A., Rowland, S. J., Thompson, R. C. (2014). Transport of persistent organic pollutants by microplastics in estuarine conditions. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 140, 14-21.
7. Barnes, J., Balestra, B., Knee, K. L., Frederick, J. A., Landaverde, N., Meiller, J. (2024). Freshwater algal biofilm assemblages are more effective than invertebrate assemblages at aggregating microplastics. Heliyon, Volume 10, Issue 1, e23239. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023104476?via%3Dihub
8. Eerkes-Medrano, D., Leslie, H. A., Quinn, B. (2018). Microplastics in drinking water: a review and assessment of an emerging concern. Current Opinion in Environmental Science Health.
9. EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM). (2016). Presence of microplastics and nanoplastics in food, with particular focus on seafood. EFSA Journal, 14(6), e04501.
10. Engler, R. E. (2012). The complex interaction between marine debris and toxic chemicals in the ocean. Environmental science technology, 46(22), 12302-12315.
11. Howard, B. C., Gibbens, S., Zachos, E., Parker, L. (2019). A running list of action on plastic pollution. National Geographic.
12. Kershaw, P. J., Rochman, C. M. (2015). Sources, fate and effects of microplastics in the marine environment: part 2 of a global assessment. Reports and studies-IMO/FAO/Unesco-IOC/WMO/IAEA/UN/UNEP Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection (GESAMP) eng no. 93.
13. Knight, L. (2014). A brief history of plastics, natural and synthetic. BBC News Magazine, 16.
14. Li, J., Yang, D., Li, L., Jabeen, K., Shi, H. (2015). Microplastics in commercial bivalves from China. Environmental pollution, 207, 190-195.
15. Meiller, J., Sosa, A., May, E., Frederick, J. A. (2022). Isolating Microplastics from Biofilm Communities: Connecting Project-Based Learning & Research. The American Biology Teacher, 84 (9): 555–561. https://doi.org/10.1525/abt.2022.84.9.555
16. McCormick, A. R., Hoellein, T. J., London, M. G., Hittie, J., Scott, J. W., Kelly, J. J. (2016). Microplastic in surface waters of urban rivers: concentration, sources, and associated bacterial assemblages. Ecosphere, 7(11), e01556.
17. McDevitt, J. P., Criddle, C. S., Morse, M., Hale, R. C., Bott, C. B., Rochman, C. M. (2017). Addressing the Issue of Microplastics in the Wake of the Microbead-Free Waters Act: A New Standard Can Facilitate Improved Policy.
18. Parker, L. (2018). Microplastics found in 90 percent of table salt. National Geographic.
19. Pipkin, W. (2019). Microplastics are everywhere, but how do they harm the Bay? Bay Journal.
20. Quenqua, D. (2018). Microplastics Find Their Way Into Your Gut, a Pilot Study Finds. The New York Times.
21. Sherrington, C. (2016). Plastics in the marine environment. Eunomia Research Consulting Ltd, 13.
22. Yonkos, L. T., Friedel, E. A., Perez-Reyes, A. C., Ghosal, S., Arthur, C. D. (2014). Microplastics in four estuarine rivers in the Chesapeake Bay, USA. Environmental science technology, 48(24), 14195-14202.
23. Zettler, E. R., Mincer, T. J., Amaral-Zettler, L. A. (2013). Life in the plastisphere: microbial communities on plastic marine debris. Environmental science technology, 47(13), 7137-7146.