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Oysters
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The Chesapeake Bay was once home to vast numbers of oysters — oyster reefs rose so high that they grazed the bottoms of boats sailing the Bay. A nationwide trade in oysters grew up with the Bay at its heart.
These native oysters — the Eastern oyster (or Crassostrea virginica) — also played a key ecological role in the Chesapeake. They filtered algae and provided habitat and shelter for other animals and underwater plants.
Today, the Bay’s oyster population stands at a difficult crossroads. Decades of overharvesting and diseases such as Dermo and MSX have left the Chesapeake’s iconic oysters in a precarious state, at only about one percent of the numbers present in the nineteen century.
Scientists and policy makers are exploring ways to restore oysters to the Bay. Reef building, establishing protected sanctuaries, and breeding disease-resistant oysters may all be key to fostering a comeback of Crassostrea virginica. The oyster will need all the help it can get.
Maryland Sea Grant has supported a variety of research, education, and public-outreach projects related to this famous shellfish of the Chesapeake Bay.
Learn about the work of Maryland Sea Grant Extension:Our agents and specialists work to support oyster aquaculture and restoration. We grow oyster seed for oyster farming and for projects to restore reefs of wild oysters in the Bay. We also provide technical advice about aquaculture methods, business financing, and public policy.
Check out this sampling of our diverse information resources about oysters, including publications, articles, and videos.
Scholarly Publications
The Eastern Oyster: Crassostrea virginica, hardcover textbook, 772 pages, for sale through our Bookstore: A comprehensive synthesis about the species’ biology with sections on population genetics, reproduction and larval biology, pollution and environmental effects, and diseases and mechanisms of defense.
Oyster Research and Restoration in U.S. Coastal Waters: Developing Strategies for the Future, a 2003 workshop that critically assessed the effectiveness of the Oyster Disease Research Program and Gulf Oyster Industry Program and to clearly define research needs to meet the goals of restoration and fisheries enhancement. Download the workshop summary pdf and processings pdf.
Browse and search Maryland Sea Grant’s Bookstore for additional reprints and other materials.
Articles in Chesapeake Quarterly magazine
“The Oyster Dreams of W.K. Brooks” (article): At the turn of the 20th century, Brooks became the first great oyster scientist in America and an early (and unsuccessful) advocate for oyster farming in Maryland waters. His ideas outlived his enemies, especially his belief that science should be applied to managing the oyster fishery.
A Future for Oyster Farming (issue): Entrepreneurs are working to build a new industry of oyster aquaculture in Maryland. And Virginia scientist Stan Allen pioneered the development of sterile (triploid) oysters that are resistant to oyster diseases — oysters that may help revive the Bay’s oyster fishery.
The MSX Files: Unmasking an Oyster Killer (issue): Two scientists at the Virginia Institute of Marine Science used new genetic techniques to solve a decades-old mystery: where did MSX, a disease that devastated the Bay’s oysters, come from?
Skipjacks for the 21st Century (issue): As scientists work to restore the Bay's oyster reefs, maritime heritage programs have worked to repair and keep afloat the nation's last commercial sailing fleet — the skipjacks used to harvest oysters in the Chesapeake.
Many additional articles about the science and history of oysters in the Chesapeake Bay have appeared in Maryland Marine Notes and Maryland Aquafarmer, both formerly published by Maryland Sea Grant. Browse these publications’ archives or search our site to find these articles.
School teachers have written lesson plans, including on oysters, during workshops led by Maryland Sea Grant. See more on our lesson-plans page.
Maryland Sea Grant Documentaries and Short Videos
Who Killed Crassostrea virginica? The Fall & Rise of Chesapeake Bay Oysters, documentary film: The Chesapeake was once home to the richest oyster grounds in the world. Who killed the Bay's native oysters? This award-winning, hour-long documentary sets out to answer that question. The film details both the poignant destruction of a fabled fishery and the prolonged scientific inquiry into the origins of a killer parasite. Watch trailer, below.
Rebuilding the Bay’s Reefs, a short video: At the University of Maryland's Horn Point Laboratory, Don Meritt turns out seed oysters full of oyster spat (baby oysters), and Charlie Frentz of the Oyster Recovery Partnership plants them in the Chesapeake Bay.
Christopher F. Dungan, Ryan B. Carnegie, and Carol B. McCollough
This is a comprehensive, color-illustrated guide to histological presentations of diseases, pathogens, and parasites of eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica.
It includes 18 subject chapters and more than 100 color figures and…
This monograph is a major assessment of the state of key species in the Chesapeake Bay — the eastern oyster, blue crab, striped bass, and Atlantic menhaden — and of the prospects for shifting from single-species fisheries management to…
$12.95
Call for Symposium Presenters and Authors
The Chesapeake Rising: Innovative Law and Policy Solutions for Climate Adaptation in Coastal Communities symposium will explore key legal and policy considerations that affect climate adaptation strategies. It provides a unique opportunity for upper-level law students and early-career lawyers to present and publish their legal scholarship.
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Smithville is a community on Maryland’s Eastern Shore, on the edge of the Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge. A century ago, Smithville had more than 100 residents. Today, it has four, in two homes: an elderly couple, and one elderly woman and her son, who cares for her.
Leone Yisrael is a cephalopod-loving scuba diver, cook, and loves to try new activities. She conducts genetic analysis and fieldwork at the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center through the Coastal Disease Ecology Lab.
Mysids are important mesozooplankton prey for many species of fish in Chesapeake Bay and are an important link in transferring energy from lower to upper trophic levels. Mysids also serve as biological vectors for benthic-pelagic coupling due to their diel vertical migration and omnivorous prey-switching behavior, which makes mysids important regulators of food web architecture. Despite their central role in coastal food webs, surprisingly little is known about mysid ecology and dynamics in Chesapeake Bay.