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Issue 2003-04

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Fall, 2003

Oyster harvest from 1840 to 2000 annotated when laws were enacted in Maryland

c. 1852: Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Reaches Ohio River. Expanded the oyster market to western communities; northern oyster packers opened plants in Baltimore.

1865: General License System; Five-Acre Law. State-wide license system regulated oystermen; leasing law allowed oyster planting on five-acre plots.

1868: "Oyster Police." Collected license fees, enforced fishing restrictions, and protected private grounds.

1877-79: Winslow Oyster Survey. Documented expansion of oyster beds and decline in number of oysters in Pocomoke and Tangier Sounds.

1882: Oyster Commission. Surveyed Maryland oyster beds; recommended conservation measures and oyster farming.

1890: Cull Law. Set minimum legal size for market oysters; required return of shells with spat and young oysters to natural oyster bars.

1906: Haman Oyster Culture Law; Shellfish Commission. Increased leasing allowance, a proposal rendered ineffectual by later legislation; commissioned Maryland Oyster Survey (Yates Survey).

1906-12: Yates Survey of Natural Oyster Bars. Conducted extensive biological and environmental surveys of Maryland's oyster bars.

1916: Maryland Conservation Commission. Consolidated Shell Fish Commission, Fish Commissioners, State Game Warden, and State Fishery Force (Oyster Police) into one agency.

1922: Shell-Planting Legislation. Initiated annual placement of shell as cultch for depleted oyster bars.

1927: Ten-Percent Shell Tax. Required oyster processors to make 10 percent of their shucked shell available for state use in planting.

1947: Twenty-Percent Shell Tax. Increased shell tax on processors.

1953: Fifty-Percent Shell Tax. Increased shell tax again, but the supply still proved insufficient.

1961: Shell-Dredging Program. Initiated new oyster repletion program using old shells dredged from non-producing areas

1965: Twenty-Five Percent Shell Tax. Reduced shell tax; allowed processors the option of cash payment, in place of shell. 1972: Moratorium on New Leases. Suspended awards of new leases of oyster grounds pending completion of new survey of state oyster grounds.


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Maryland Sea Grant Extension Program
Phone Numbers And E-Mail Addresses

Agents and specialists of the University of Maryland Sea Grant Extension Program are available online through the following addresses:

Douglas Lipton
Coordinator and Marine Economics Specialist
(301) 405-1280
dlipton@arec.umd.edu
Vicky Carrasco
Coastal Communities Specialist
(301) 405-5809
vcarrasco@arec.umd.edu
Adam Frederick
Environmental Education Specialist
(410) 234-8850
frederic@mdsg.umd.edu
Andrew M. Lazur
Finfish Aquaculture Specialist
(410) 221-8474, 8496
alazur@hpl.umces.edu
Gayle Mason-Jenkins
Seafood Nutrition Specialist
(410) 651-6212
gmjenkins@mail.umes.edu
Don Meritt
Shellfish Aquaculture Specialist
(410) 221-8475
meritt@hpl.umces.edu
Tom Rippen
Seafood Technology Specialist
(410) 651-6636
terippen@mail.umes.edu
Jackie Takacs
Marine Agent
(410) 326-7356
takacs@cbl.umces.edu
Dan Terlizzi
Water Quality Specialist
(410) 234-8837
dterlizz@umd.edu
Don Webster
Marine Agent
(410) 827-8056 ext. 127
dwebster@umd.edu
Denise Wist
Administrative Assistant
(301) 405-6935
dwist@arec.umd.edu




The MARYLAND AQUAFARMER Newsletter is produced quarterly each year by the Cooperative Extension Service, University of Maryland, College Park with support from the Maryland Sea Grant College Program and is issued as a public service for the aquaculture industry. Annual subscriptions are free of charge.

Aquafarmer Editor
Maryland Sea Grant College
4321 Hartwick Road, Suite 300
College Park, MD 20740
(301) 405-7500
Email: aquafarmer@mdsg.umd.edu

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